Five Old Men Sold Portugal's Independence for Spanish Gold
Early Modern Europe

Five Old Men Sold Portugal's Independence for Spanish Gold

Portugal lost its independence not in battle, but in a meeting room where five old men couldn't resist Spanish gold.

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Early Modern EuropePortugal16th CenturySuccession CrisisMonarchyCardinal HenryKing SebastianDiplomacySpanish SuccessionReligious Leadership

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